PEP44™ is a formulated version of a naturally occurring peptide, which is a fragment of cyclin D2 protein covalently bound to a cell-penetrating peptide, discovered by the science team of Proteimax in cancer cells models comparing cell cycle stages.

Intensive research has shown that PEP44™ stops the cell cycle and commands cells to die. PEP44™ induced cell death in several tumor cells (in vitro and in vivo), fungus, bacteria and parasites.

PEP44™ the initial characterization of the cell death/signaling mechanism of Pep44 include caspase 3/7 and 9 activation, inhibition of Akt2 phosphorylation, activation of p38α and -γ, and inhibition of proteasome activity.

The main difference is the mechanism of action. Almost all AMPS (Antimicrobial peptides) are cationic peptides that disrupt the microbial cell membrane, making AMPs non-specific and often toxic. Pep44 acts only in cells that divide fast, like most bacteria and fungus, making Pep44 more selective, specific and less toxic.

The safety of PEP44 ™ is still being studied, but because Pep44 is very selective it has been showing good safety data.

Depends on the application, a couple of hours to weeks.